A stemborer stem borer is any insect larva, or arthropod, that bores into plant stems. Pdf comparative efficacy of different botanicals and. The larvae after hatching bore into the stem and feed upon the tissues of the stem. This suggests stem borers did not reduce the density of culms producing panicles in the main or ratoon crop. The degree of damage in the indramayu region was around 11%, and in some years as high as 37%. Stem borer majrapoka any of the numerous species of lepidopterous insect pests that habitually bores into the stem of the host plant and feed on the inner tissues. Twenty counties in chinas jiangsu and zhejiang provinces are planting vetiver as an ecological engineering method trap crop for the control of two stem borer species chilo suppressalis striped stem borer and sesamia inferens pink stem borer. Stem borer control needs to be preventive as the larvae penetrate the stem and it is too late for control when the damage begins. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas. Five species of stem borers attack rice crop from which the yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas is dominant.
The rice stem borers are the principal devastators and responsible for. For both varieties, for both main and ratoon crops, mexican rice borer was the predominant stem borer species about 70%. Indonesian journal of agricultural science 62, 2005. Yellow stem borer is a serious pest of rice throughout india and south east asia. Scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. They attach themselves to the tiller and bore into the stem. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the stem and undergo 56 moults. Rice stem borer ento, leaflet 24 ministry of agriculture. Second instar larvae enclose themselves in body leaf wrappings to make tubes and detach themselves from the leaf and falls onto the water surface. Common insect pests of rice and their natural biological control an illustrated guide to the insect pests that feed on rice plants and the organisms that feed on and control those pests. A total of 42 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions in.
The rice office of stem engagement r stem supports and promotes rice universitys wideranging efforts to improve k12 science, technology, engineering and mathematics stem education in all greater houston area school districts. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The principal rice borers in asia are chito suppressalis wlk. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the. The stem borer infestation on rice cultivars at three plantie. The insects infest rice crops throughout their growth, from the seedling stage to maturity. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker are the most injurious insect pests of rice in the yangtze delta, one of the countrys rice bowls and a region undergoing rapid economic development. Do rice water weevils and rice stem borers compete when. The objective of this study was to identify rice lines resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. Effectiveness of practiced management option to control. In some areas the harvest failed completely due to heavy infestation, causing famine in. Larvae of the rice stemborer, chilo suppressalis walker, cause extensive crop losses worldwide. Pdf assessment of infestation and yield loss by stem. The implications for rice pest management, including breeding for cultivars tolerant to stem borer injury, nitrogen fertilisation to encourage plant compensation, and.
The white stem borer has become less important in australia since the introduction of direct seeding. The sugarcane borer, rice stalk borer and mexican rice borer are important pests of rice in some regions in louisiana. Common insect pests of rice and their natural biological control an illustrated guide to the insect pests that feed on rice plants and the organisms that feed. Rice stem borers are of major economic significance causing 2530% loss to rice crop 2. Various studies of lepidopterous stem bores in africa have been determining rice stem borers species abundance basing on upland and irrigated rice alam 2011. The results showed that the population of rice stem borer was. For either variety, panicle density in main and ratoon crops was not affected by stem borer damage table 1. This species is a common stem borer that attack maize and sorghum in. A microbial community was enriched from the gut of the rice yellow stem borer for enhanced rice straw degradation by subculturing every 10 days, for 1 year, in minimal medium with rice straw as the main carbon source.
It is a serious pest of wheat and rabi all over india but is more prevalent in south india. Cloning and characterization of serpinlike genes from the. Moderate to severe incidence is noticed in nursery, planting to mid. Abundance and spatial dispersion of rice stem borer species. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical extracts against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas in rice field md. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of 12 serpinlike cdnas from the striped rice stem borer chilo suppressalis, a major rice pest. Species diversity, abundance, and dispersion of rice stem borers in framers fields were. Symptoms of damage grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches grub bore into the sap wood and macking irregular tunnels. Breakdown of white stem borer wsb egg and egg mass parasitization. The eggs are rounded, pale and yellowish green in colour. The use of botanical extracts in the management of insect pests as an alternative to synthetic insecticides have been reported in.
The spotted stemborer chilo partellus is an oligophagy and feeds on species of grasses and sedges which include several important cultivated cereals. Assessment of infestation and yield loss by stem borers on variety of rice. Organic matter not only adds nutrients to plants, but also create appropriate conditions for the plant to improve aeration, root penetration easier, increases ph, decreases aladd, and ground into friable structure 14. Functional analysis of eight chitinase genes in rice stem. Mechanisms of compensation of rice plants to yellow stem borer. It is found in aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding. Journal common insect pests of rice and their natural. Serpins, also called serine proteinase inhibitors, are widely distributed in eukaryotes.
The yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. Abundance and spatial dispersion of rice stem borer. Sep 12, 2016 how to control rice yellow stem borer. Varietal resistance to rice stemborers in asia international journal. No matter which continent, ecosystem, or type of crop culture, a field of rice is usually infested by more than one stem borer species. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze. Management of rice yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker using some biorational insecticides sitesh chatterjee1 and palash mondal2 abstract the experiments were carried out to study the performance of some biorational insecticides against yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker in boro rice at rice research station, chinsurah. Stem borer larvae were extracted from the damaged tillers in 16 quadrants established in each. This is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. The striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker is one of the most important rice pests in asia. Resistance of dryland rice to stem borer scirpophaga.
Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta, china. Integrated management of rice stem borers in the yangtze delta. The enriched culture demonstrated high cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity in the culture supernatant. Relative abundance and composition of stem borer species are important aspects to consider in determining the stem borer species present in certain location banwo et al. Efficacy of insecticides against the rice stemborer, chilo suppressalis walker lepidoptera. The presence of alternate hosts encourages the pink stem borer to develop, multiply and survive during winter or dry season. Efficacy of insecticides against the rice stemborer, chilo.
All three species attack rice in southwest louisiana, but only the sugarcane borer is considered a pest in northeastern louisiana. The pink stem borer is found in upland rice, which is grown near sugarcane or related grasses. The female moth has a distinct black spot at the centre of. The excellent efficacy of chlorantraniliprole in controlling rice striped stem borer drove rice growers to abandon the old chemistry insecticides such as monosultap and triazophos. Nazmul huda 1, prosanta kumar dash 1 1agrotechnology. Species diversity, abundance, and dispersion of rice stem borers in framers fields were studied in four major rice growing areas of kahama district. Efficacy of insecticides against the rice stemborer. Insect pest resistance in pearl millet and small millets. World bibliography of rice stem borers stem borers are ubiquitous pests of rice worldwide figs. Abundance and spatial dispersion of rice stem borer species in. The spotted stemborer chilo partellus is an oligophagy and feeds on species of grasses and sedges which include several important cultivated cereals, especially maize, sorghum, rice, sugarcane, and millets. Stem borers, natural enemies, relative abundance, rice. Economic impact it is very difficult to quantify the economic impact of rice stem borers including s.
Clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. Most stem borers belong to the families pyralidae and noctuidae, and the immature insects, the caterpillars, tunneling in the stems and feeding on the soft tissues, cause the injury. Efficacy of selected biopesticides and botanical extracts in. At atl release egg parasitoid, trichogramma japonicum for the management of the rice yellow stem borer spraying neem seed kernel extract controls stem borer clip the seedling tips before transplanting to eliminate egg masses and collect and destroy the egg masses in main field. Yellow stem borer appears to be well adapted to the aquatic environment of deepwater rice and is reported to cause an annual average yield loss of about 1720% in bangladesh and thailand catling et al. Evaluation of different insecticides and botanical. Changes in insecticide resistance of the rice striped stem.
Curculionidae is an invasive insect pest of rice oryza sativa l. Mar 31, 2016 this is a video clip produced by trainee of 3 days training on communicating science through video presentations. In the present study, adult feeding and population density of the weevil, injury level of striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker lepidoptera. The rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia inferens walker are the most injurious insect. Abstract the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer. Mining the biomass deconstructing capabilities of rice yellow. Pests of rice stem borers stem borers are major pests of rice during both kharif and summer seasons. It was registered to control rice striped stem borer and the rice leaffolder in china in 2008 and was rapidly adopted by rice growers by 2009 zheng et al. Efficacy of selected biopesticides and botanical extracts. Little is known about the interactions of this weevil with indigenous herbivores. Comparative efficacy of different botanicals and chemical insecticides for controlling rice stem borer. Training was conducted by icarzpdiii, barapani, meghalaya.
A fully grown caterpillar is cylindrical with its head redbrown in colour and measures 2025 mm in length. So, in all the rice growing areas this insect or moth pest is available. In java, prior to 1945 the average area of rice attacked by the white stem borer was 20,000 baus ca 15,000 ha. Yellow rice stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas lepidoptera. The results are very encouraging and it appears that rice farmers are excited with the. Pdf integrated management of rice stem borers in the. In our previous work, we reported the identification of 12 ssb chitinase cscht genes, and studied the functions of cscht1 to 4. Mining the biomass deconstructing capabilities of rice. Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae. Since pesticide application is the major management tactic in china, judicious timing of a minimal dose of insecticides is important in developing an ipm program for that pest. Of the various major pests, the stem borer insect is the most dangerous enemy to the paddy plant. Crambidae, and use of sex pheromones to time accurately the yearly application. Pyralidae, is an important pest of rice, oryza sativa l. Damage results from larvae feeding within stem, severing the vascular system and.
Flow chart of techniques used in the areawide integrated management of rice stem. Ooi about 187 species of insects have been recorded on rice yunus and ho,1980, but few have ever become serious pests. The use of botanical extracts in the management of insect pests as an alternative to synthetic insecticides have been reported in crop protection for many centuries 21, but their. The caterpillar alone are destructive, when full grown, they measure about 20mm and are dirty white or greenish yellow having brown head and pronotum. Yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker goldfringed stem borer chilo auricilius darkheaded stem borer dudgeon chilo polychrysus meyrick larva egg adult larva egg adult larva egg adult larva egg adult larva egg adult larva and egg mass are similar with striped and darkheaded stem borers. Evaluation of insecticides for stem borer control discussion previous research by the entomology project has shown that stem borers can cause significant yield loss in rice. Varietal resistance to rice stemborers in asia volume 5 issue 6 r. Silicon suppresses insect pests such as the stem borer, brown planthopper, rice green leafhopper, and whitebacked planthopper, and noninsect pests such as leaf spider and mites. The rice water weevil rww lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel coleoptera. In this experiment, stem borer pressure was not exceptionally heavy and a significant yield response among treatments did not occur table 1. Unlike other species of stem borers, the pink stem borer lay bare eggs between the leaf sheath and the stem. However the term most frequently refers among the coleoptera to the larva of certain longhorn beetles such as dorysthenes buqueti and those of the genus oberea, and among the lepidoptera to certain moths of the crambidae, castniidae, gelechiidae, nolidae, and pyralidae families. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of two organic pesticides to control rice yellow stem borer. Effectiveness of practiced management option to control rice.
The adult moth is slender, straw coloured with a pointed head. Rice striped stem borer ssb, chilo suppressalis walker, is one of the most destructive pests of rice causing huge yield losses. Evaluation of resistance to striped stem borer in rice. Pdf the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker, and the pink stem borer sesamia. Feeding the vascular tissues interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue. Sep 19, 20 yellow stem borer is a serious pest of rice throughout india and south east asia. Abstract the rice stem borer infestation was a serious problem for rice cultivation in bangladesh. In india, the yellow stem borer caused 1% to 19% yield loss in early planted rice crops and 38% to 80% in late planted rice 3.
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